In this article from The Trademark Reporter®, NERA Affiliated Consultant Dr. Eugene Ericksen and Senior Consultant Dr. Melissa Pittaoulis review the use of control groups in Lanham Act surveys and discuss the theoretical and practical considerations for designing a good control. The authors begin by describing the differences between observational and experimental designs and explaining the role of randomization in assigning respondents to test and control groups. They then narrow their focus to the use of control groups in trademark and false advertising surveys.