The Competition Law and Policy Institute of New Zealand held its 21st annual workshop in Wellington on 6-7 August 2010. On the first day of the workshop, NERA Special Consultant Dr. Lewis Evans participated in a session entitled "Use and Misuse of Empirical Methods in Antitrust." He and the other speaker, Dr. Dennis Carlton of the University of Chicago, discussed the place of simulation analysis in antitrust. They explained the very real limitations of the recently proposed "upward price pressure" (UPP) calculation as a substitute for simulation and as an antitrust tool.